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文法 · JLPT N4 grammar
〜てある
te aru · has been ~ed (and stays that way)
A transitive verb plus てある describes a state someone set up on purpose: 窓が開けてある, the window has been opened and left so.
How to form it
| V(transitive)-て + ある | 書いてある |
| Noun + が + V-て + ある | 名前が書いてある |
How it is used
「窓が開いている」 just says the window is open. 「窓が開けてある」 says someone opened it, on purpose.
〜と書いてある means it says: 「ここに『禁煙』と書いてあります」.
Examples
Tap a kanji for its reading.
- 机の上に花が飾ってあります。Flowers have been put on the desk.
- 黒板に名前が書いてあります。A name is written on the blackboard.
- ホテルはもう予約してあります。The hotel is already booked.
- 壁に地図がはってあります。A map has been put up on the wall.
Practice: 3 JLPT questions using 〜てある
かべに きれいな えが ( )あります。
A pretty picture is hung on the wall.
まどが ( )あります。だれかが あけたのでしょう。
The window has been opened. Someone must have opened it.
この 人は なぜ しゃしんを とりませんでしたか。
Yesterday I went to a temple. It was very beautiful, so I wanted to take photos. But a sign said 'Please do not take photographs', so I didn't.
Q: Why didn't this person take photos? — Because a sign said not to.