比較 · JLPT N4
ために vs ように
tame ni vs you ni
ために is for a goal you act on directly (deliberate verbs); ように is for a result you can only hope for (potential verbs, ない, and things outside your control).
Both mean "so that" or "in order to". Here is how to choose: what kind of verb comes before, and whose action it is.
Side by side
| ために | ように | |
|---|---|---|
| Verb before | Deliberate action: 買う, 行く | Potential, ない, natural change: 見える, 忘れない |
| Subject | Same person in both halves | Can differ |
| After a noun | 家族のために (for the family) | Not this use |
| Also means | Because of (formal) | Like, as; tell someone to |
Can you just decide to do it?
If the goal is an action you can simply choose, ために: 「車を買うために、貯金する」. If the goal is an ability or a state you hope to reach, ように: 「運転できるように、練習する」.
Negatives take ように: 「忘れないように、メモする」.
Side-by-side examples
Tap a kanji for its reading.
- 日本で働くために、日本語を勉強しています。I'm studying Japanese in order to work in Japan.Working is a choice: ために.
- 日本語が話せるように、毎日練習しています。I practise every day so I can speak Japanese.Potential verb: ように.
- 風邪をひかないように、気をつけて。Take care so you don't catch a cold.Negative: ように.
- 子どもが読めるように、ふりがなを付けた。I added furigana so the children can read it.Different subject: ように.
Quick check
- 大学に入る( )、勉強しています。
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ために · Entering university is a deliberate goal. - 後ろの人にも聞こえる( )、大きな声で話す。
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ように · 聞こえる is not something you choose. - 遅れない( )、早く出た。
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ように · Negatives take ように.